1. In my recently released book, The Hidden Power of Rising Dividends, I described my 40-year journey into finding methods of valuing stocks.
2. In a recent post, I showed mathematical valuations of Coke and PepsiCo based on their last 15 years of price and fundamental data. As it turned out for both companies, dividends alone had the highest correlation with their prices over this period.
3. I chose Coke (KO) and PepsiCo (PEP) for my first valuation calculation because both are powerful brands that have won over our taste buds, grocery shelves, and portfolios. Since they are so dominant and so similar in their products and marketing, most people assume they are both always about fairly valued because they are so large and their products are a staple of everyday life for many people.
4. Last time I showed a chart for each company as shown below. The green line on each chart is the actual annual price over the last 15 years. The red line is the predicted price my model calculates. A closer look at the two charts shows that PepsiCo's current price is about 9% lower that its predicted price, based on the correlation between its dividend and price growth over the last 15 years. Coke, on the other hand, appears to be selling about 9.5% above its predicted price using he same metrics.
Studying the two dividend correlation charts suggests PepsiCo is clearly the better value. But, as I said last time, my dividend correlation model is looking only at historical data. The future is in the future for all stocks. So, let's take a swing at estimating the future growth of both companies. Remember, dividend growth alone trumps all other indicators for these two stocks, and in both cases the correlation between the companies' dividends and stock prices is over 90%.
In valuing Coke and Pepsi, I am using a simple linear regression model that measures the average changes of prices versus dividends for each company over the last 15 years, and then performs annual standard deviations to determine how tight the fit is. This model generates what is known as a correlation coefficient, or R2. Both Coke and Pepsi have R2s between annual price and dividend growth above .90. Put another way, annual changes in dividends for both companies has been able to explain over 90% of the annual changes in their stock prices. It's not perfect, but few investment professionals will be willing to bet you that this .90 correlation between prices and dividends is going to change very much in the coming year or years.
A linear regression calculation, as the name implies, assumes that the movement of prices v. dividends will form a line. The important things about lines is they all have a slope and slopes have formulas. Thus, here in November 2024, if we have a good prediction or guess about how much each company will increase its dividends in 2025, (both have unbroken strings of increasing dividends for over 50 years) we can plug that figure into the formula and have a predicted stock price for the coming year.
PepsiCo's linear regression formula is .52+35x, where x is next year's dividend. PepsiCo's current indicated dividend is $5.42. For this analysis let's just increase PepsiCo's dividend by 7%, which is its average increase of the last five years. Here are the results of the formula:
.52+35 x 5.80 = $203.52
This simple regression model is projecting that PepsiCo's price will reach $203.52 by the end of 2025. That would be a rise in the price of over 20%. Remember, this is a model, not an analytical projection of what I think the price will be. But, with a correlation so high, one might think of it as a ballpark figure of the upside potential of PepsiCo.
Coke's dividend growth over the last five years has averaged only 3.5%. Plugging dividend growth of that level into the regression model for Coke gives us a 2025 best guess price of $67.25, only slightly above today's selling price.
As always, this is not a Wall Street type deep dive type valuation analysis of either company, and it should not be taken as investment advice. This is just a mathematical look at financial data for both companies that has had a very high correlation over the last few years. Using this simple analysis, PepsiCo is our clear winner.
Someone might want to break the news to Warren Buffett. He holds a tremendous amount of Coke.
Until next time.
If you would like to offer companies for me to value using this correlation process, please send me a note at info@gregdonaldson@gmail.com.
Thanks to several of you who informed me that my colors were wrong on the charts last time.
I own Pepsico.
